Our work on narrative theory gives us an excellent opportunity to show understanding and application of media theorists in the Assignment 2 analytical task. This is the next part of your essay :)
1. Start a new blog post and call it 'Narrative Theory' (or do it in Microsoft Word, save it to your Media shared drive and upload once finished)
2. Re-watch the trailer for your film (Moana, Hunger Games, Precious) with your book in your hand. Make notes on Todorov, Propp and Barthes and how they apply to YOUR case study film. Examples below. You need to say a little bit about what the theory is and then apply it eg
Todorov stated that all narratives start off with an Equilibrium and then a disruption (Disequilibrium) where everything changes and then ends with a New Equilibrium where calm is restored.
In my case study Hunger Games, I can apply this theory because, at the start there is an Equilibrium when Katniss lives in a society where the young people from various districts are sent off to fight in the annual Hunger Games. The Disequilibrium occurs when her sister is chosen and she volunteers to go in her place. This means she has to learn fighting skills and become skilled enough to survive. The New Equilibrium will come when she is successful in her mission.
Do the same for Propp and Barthes. Come and see me if you are struggling to apply the theories but have a go first!
3. Make sure all your work on Representation is up to date and posted on your blog.
Extension - Go back to your own film poster and trailer (storyboard) for Assignment 2 and add theory to analysis of your own work.
The key notes from today's lesson:
Narrative definition: (Noun) A spoken or written account of connected events; a story
Todorov: equilibrium
Tzvetan Todorov is a Franco-Bulgarian philosopher. He suggests that all narratives follow a three part structure.
They begin with equilibrium, where everything is balanced, progress as something comes along to disrupt that equilibrium, and finally reach a resolution, when a new equilibrium is restored.
Equilibrium > Disequilibrium > New equilibrium
This can be applied to almost all film narratives.
Propp: character types
Vladimir Propp was a Soviet scholar who analyzed the basic plot components of Russian folk tales to identify their narrative elements.
His theory states that there are only a certain number of characters, who crop up in most narratives.
Protagonist (or Hero)
Leads the narrative, is usually looking for something (a quest) or trying to solve something (a mystery).
Antagonist (or Villain)
Gets in the protagonist's way; rival or enemy.
Heroine
Usually some sort of ‘prize’ or reward for the hero. (Note: if your hero is female, your heroine can be male)
Father
An authority figure who offers a reward to the hero for completing their quest. That reward might be a prince or a princess or a new job or promotion.
Helper
Helps the hero - often acts as a sidekick
Donor
Gives the hero something - a clue, a talisman, a special power - which helps them complete their quest
Mentor
Teaches and guides the hero
Barthes: enigma and action codes
Roland Barthes was a French literary theorist.
Barthes' Enigma Code is a theory that suggests a text (whether that be television, film, a poster etc) portrays a mystery to draw an audience in, pose questions and, as such, become intrigued in the piece.
For instance, a murder mystery will often not reveal the identity of the murderer until the end of the story, which poses the question "Who is the murderer?"
Barthes' Action Code relates to tension: any action or event that suggests something else may happen – and therefore keep the audience engaged. A good example would be a gun being drawn - the audience know a dramatic scene will follow.
Action codes work alongside enigma codes to engage and maintain the interest of the audience.
In a film trailer, they are used to intrigue the audience and make them want to pay to see the whole film. This is a crucial aspect of film marketing.
